Lattice Boltzmann analysis of MHD natural convection of CuO-water nanofluid in inclined C-shaped enclosures under the effect of nanoparticles Brownian motion

In this study, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) natural convection heat transfer has been analyzed for an inclined C-shaped cavity filled with nanofluid. The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to solve the governing equations. The effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by KKL (Koo-KleinstreuerLi) correlation. The influence of pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, the cavity inclination angle, nanoparticle volume concentration and the cavity aspect ratio on the flow and heat transfer characteristics have been examined. From this work, it is found that the heat transfer enhances when considering the Brownian motion effect of nanopartides, whereas presence of magnetic field tries to retard convection. Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the average Nusselt is increased when increasing cavity aspect ratio, cavity angle and volume fraction of nanofluid. Also, the results demonstrate that the enclosure with an inclination angle of gamma = pi/2, has the maximum heat transfer coefficient. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.