Journal
POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE
Volume 130, Issue 1, Pages 98-104Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1396876
Keywords
Inflammation; immune system; periodontium; chronic noncommunicable diseases; periodontal diseases
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Funding
- FEDER funds through the POCI - COMPETE 2020 - Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I - Strengthening research, technological development and innovation [007491]
- National Funds by FCT Foundation for Science and Technology [UID/Multi/00709]
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Periodontal diseases, such as chronic periodontitis, share common inflammatory risk factors with other systemic and chronic inflammatory disorders. Mucosal tissues, such as oral epithelia, are exposed to environmental stressors, such as tobacco and oral bacteria, that might be involved in promoting a systemic inflammatory state. Conversely, chronic disorders can also affect oral health. This review will summarize recent evidence for the interrelationship between chronic periodontitis and other prevalent chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The association with pregnancy is also included due to possible obstetric complications. We will focus on inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6, because they have been shown to be increased in patients with chronic periodontitis, in patients with chronic systemic diseases, and in patients with both chronic periodontitis and other chronic diseases. Therefore, an imbalance towards a proinflammatory immune response could underline a bidirectional link between chronic periodontitis and other chronic diseases. Finally, we highlight that a close coordination between dental and other health professionals could promote oral health and prevent or ameliorate other chronic diseases.
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