Journal
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
Volume 82, Issue -, Pages 76-84Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.008
Keywords
Long-term exposure; Particulate matter; Elemental components; Inflammation; ESCAPE; TRANSPHORM
Categories
Funding
- European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) project ESCAPE [211250]
- European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) project TRANSPHORM [ENV.2009.1.2.2.1, 243406]
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen
- German Research Center for Environmental Health
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
- State of Bavaria
- Heinz Nixdorf Foundation
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [JO-170/8-1, HO 3314/2-1, SI 236/8-1, SI236/9-1]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [33CSCO-134276/1, 33CSCO-108796, 3247BO-104283, 3247BO-104288, 3247BO-104284, 3247-065896, 3100-059302, 3200-052720, 3200-042532, 4026-028099]
- Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
- Federal Office of Public Health
- Federal Office of Roads and Transport
- Canton Government of Aargau
- Canton Government of Basel-Stadt
- Canton Government of Geneva
- Canton Government of Luzern
- Canton Government of Ticino
- Canton Government of Valais
- Canton Government of Zurich
- Swiss Lung League
- Canton Lung League of Basel Stadt/Basel Landschaft
- Canton Lung League of Geneva
- Canton Lung League of Ticino
- Canton Lung League of Valais
- Canton Lung League of Zurich
- Canton Lung League of SUVA
- Canton Lung League of Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft
- UBS Wealth Foundation
- Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH
- Abbott Diagnostics
- European Commission [018996 (GABRIEL)]
- Wellcome Trust [WT 084703MA]
- Academy of Finland [129317, 136895]
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
- Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research
- Stockholm County Council
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Scandinavia
- Ministry for Higher Education
- Swedish Research Council [M-2005-1112, 2009-2298]
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [ICA08-0047]
- Royal Swedish Academy of Science
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [129317, 129317] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [ICA08-0047] Funding Source: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)
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Background: Epidemiological studies have associated long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter with increased mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Systemic inflammation is a plausible biological mechanism behind this association. However, it is unclear how the chemical composition of PM affects inflammatory responses. Objectives: To investigate the association between long-term exposure to elemental components of PM and the inflammatory blood markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen as part of the European ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM multi-center projects. Methods: In total, 21,558 hsCRP measurements and 17,428 fibrinogen measurements from cross-sections of five and four cohort studies were available, respectively. Residential long-term concentrations of particulate matter <10 mu m (PM10) and <2.5 mu m (PM2.5) in diameter and selected elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, zinc) were estimated based on land-use regression models. Associations between components and inflammatory markers were estimated using linear regression models for each cohort separately. Cohort-specific results were combined using random effects meta-analysis. As a sensitivity analysis the models were additionally adjusted for PM mass. Results: A 5 ng/m(3) increase in PM2.5 copper and a 500 ng/m(3) increase in PM10 iron were associated with a 6.3% [0.7; 12.3%] and 3.6% [0.3; 7.1%] increase in hsCRP, respectively. These associations between components and fibrinogen were slightly weaker. A 10 ng/m(3) increase in PM2.5 zinc was associated with a 1.2% [0.1; 2.4%] increase in fibrinogen; confidence intervals widened when additionally adjusting for PM2.5. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to transition metals within ambient particulate matter, originating from traffic and industry, may be related to chronic systemic inflammation providing a link to long-term health effects of particulate matter. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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