Conjugated D-A terpolymers for organic field-effect transistors and solar cells

The incorporation of additional electron donors or acceptors into the backbones of conjugated polymers with alternating donors and acceptors results in various conjugated D-A terpolymers. The presence of additional electron donors or acceptors in the conjugated backbones can modulate the electronic absorptions and highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels, as well as interchain interactions and thin-film morphology. Because of these structural features, conjugated D-A terpolymers have been intensively investigated in recent years for applications in field-effect transistors and photovoltaic cells. In this review, we introduce the recent developments of conjugated D-A terpolymers with various combinations of electron donors and acceptors, and discuss the future perspectives for conjugated terpolymers.