Fabrication of graphene-biomacromolecule hybrid materials for tissue engineering application

Graphene (G) and its composites have attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to their high bio-compatibility, large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and unique thermal properties. The combination of biomacromolecules (BM) like DNA, proteins, peptides, enzymes and biocompatible polymers with G makes it possible to create novel hybrid materials for various applications, especially in biomedical and tissue engineering. In this review, we demonstrated the recent advances in the preparation methods of G-BM hybrid materials and their applications in the field of tissue engineering, such as implant materials, cell culture scaffolds, and regenerative medicine. Moreover, the perspectives and key challenges of G-BM hybrid materials in biomedical fields are also discussed. It is expected that this review would be helpful for us to understand the fabrication strategies of G-BM hybrid materials and design novel G-based biomaterials with high performance.