Journal
POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Volume 8, Issue 45, Pages 7054-7068Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7py01671a
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1463201, 21522604]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFC1104802]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China [BK20150031]
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TAPP)
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Multiple combinations of six squaramides (Sq) and eight amines as the co-catalysts were tried in ring-opening polymerizations (ROPs) of cyclic carbonates, lactones, and lactides. Sq and sparteine co-catalysts enabled ROPs of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) to poly(trimethylene carbonates) (PTMCs) with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator. The polymerization proceeded in 3 to 16 h without decarboxylation to afford polycarbonates with precise molecular weights (M-n,M-NMR = 1.95 to 10.1 kg mol(-1)) and narrow polydispersity indices (D = 1.12-1.17). H-1 NMR, SEC and MALDI-ToF MS measurements of the obtained PTMCs clearly indicated the quantitative incorporation of the initiator at the chain end. Kinetics and chain extension experiments demonstrated the controlled/living nature for the ROP of TMC using Sq and sparteine. NMR titration experiments confirmed that the polymerization proceeded in a H-bonding dual activation mechanism. In addition, 1,3-propanediol, pentaerythritol, propargyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) maleimide were used as functional initiators leading to production of alpha,omega-dihydroxy telechelic, star-shaped, and clickable end-functionalized polycarbonates. Homopolymers of valerolactone (VL), caprolactone (CL), and lactide (LA) and diblock copolymers PVL-b-PTMC and PCL-b-PTMC were successfully synthesized by using Sq and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene binary co-catalysts with BnOH as the initiator in dichloromethane at room temperature. Block copolymers PTMC-b-PVL, PTMC-b-PCL, and PTMC-b-PLA were successfully obtained by using the binary catalysts. Squaramides combined with amine co-catalysts are a generally applicable polymerization tool.
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