Journal
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
Volume 91, Issue -, Pages 167-181Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.02.030
Keywords
Masonry macroelement; Force-based frame element; Lumped plasticity; Haar-Karman principle
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The equivalent frame model for the assessment of in-plane mechanisms of masonry walls can be suitably based on a 2-node force-based finite element (FE) consisting of a central linear elastic element, two flexural hinges and a shear link with elastic-perfectly plastic behavior. The hinge state is determined by a predictor-corrector method. The predictor calculates the element stress field using the tangent flexibility matrix. The corrector consists of a return algorithm based on the Haar-Karman principle and the gradient projection method, both leading to good convergence properties and to optimality characteristics of the solution. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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