4.5 Review

Bulk immunoassays for analysis of extracellular vesicles

Journal

PLATELETS
Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages 242-248

Publisher

TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1265926

Keywords

analysis; bulk; detection; extracellular vesicles; exosomes; immunochemistry

Funding

  1. Dutch technology foundation STW [14198, VENI - 13681]

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There is increasing clinical interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This review provides an overview of bulk immunoassays to analyse EV. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are still the two predominant bulk immunoassays. Recently, new assays have become available that can detect exposure to EV concentrations that are up to 10,000-fold lower. This is advantageous for applications that detect rare EV. Other important parameters are the detectable concentration range, the required sample volume, whether simultaneous presence of different antigens on a single EV can be detected, size selectivity of each assay and practical considerations. In this review, we will explain the working principles of the traditional and novel assays together with their performance parameters. The most sensitive assays are micro-nuclear magnetic resonance, surface plasmon resonance, and time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay.

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