Journal
PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 262, Issue -, Pages 1-8Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.007
Keywords
Starch; Amylopectin biosynthesis; Protein complex; Cereal
Categories
Funding
- President's Funds of Akita Prefectural University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15J40176, 16K18571]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15J40176, 16K18571] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Starch accounts for the majority of edible carbohydrate resources generated through photosynthesis. Amylopectin is the major component of starch and is one of highest-molecular-weight biopolymers. Rapid and systematic synthesis of frequently branched hydro-insoluble amylopectin and efficient accumulation into amyloplasts of cereal endosperm is crucial. The functions of multiple starch biosynthetic enzymes, including elongation, branching, and debranching enzymes, must be temporally and spatially coordinated. Accordingly, direct evidence of protein-protein interactions of starch biosynthetic enzymes were first discovered in developing wheat endosperm in 2004, and they have since been shown in the developing seeds of other cereals. This review article describes structural characteristics of starches as well as similarities and differences in protein complex formation among different plant species and among mutant plants that are deficient in specific starch biosynthetic enzymes. In addition, evidence for protein complexes that are involved in the initiation stages of starch biosynthesis is summarized. Finally, we discuss the significance of protein complexes and describe new methods that may elucidate the mechanisms and roles of starch biosynthetic enzyme complexes.
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