Journal
LUNG INDIA
Volume 35, Issue 4, Pages 321-327Publisher
WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS
DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_266_17
Keywords
Cellular senescence; dysregulated nutrient sensing; emphysema; epigenetic alterations; genetic instability; loss of proteostasis; mitochondrial dysfunction; smoking; stem cell exhaustion and altered intercellular communications; telomere attrition
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Funding
- [R01 AG053553]
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Aging is characterized by progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, decline in homeostasis, and degeneration of the tissues that occurs after the reproductive phase of life is complete, leading to impaired function. This deterioration is an important risk factor for chronic lung pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a disease that develops gradually. Emphysematous changes in the lung take years to develop after exposure to cigarette smoke; hence, the vast majority of patients are elderly. There has been a dramatic increase in the life expectancy of the general population, resulting in an increased burden of chronic lung diseases. There is growing evidence that molecular mechanisms involved in aging may also play a role in COPD pathogenesis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of aging were identified. In this article, we will review the nine hallmarks of aging and how each hallmark contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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