Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 92, Issue 2, Pages 291-304Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13655
Keywords
zinc; micronutrient; biofortification; ZIP transporter; membrane transport; bZIP; wheat (Triticum aestivum); transcription factor
Categories
Funding
- University of Southampton
- Rothamsted Research BBSRC DTP studentship [BB/J014451/1]
- 20:20 Wheat(R) programme at Rothamsted Research [BBS/E/C/00005202]
- BBSRC
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [1267829, 1359625, BBS/E/C/000I0220, BBS/E/C/00005202] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BBS/E/C/00005202, BB/J014451/1, BBS/E/C/000I0220] Funding Source: UKRI
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Understanding the molecular basis of zinc (Zn) uptake and transport in staple cereal crops is critical for improving both Zn content and tolerance to low-Zn soils. This study demonstrates the importance of group F bZIP transcription factors and ZIP transporters in responses to Zn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seven group F TabZIP genes and 14 ZIPs with homeologs were identified in hexaploid wheat. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of Zn-deficiency-response elements (ZDREs) in a number of the ZIPs. Functional complementation of the zrt1/zrt2 yeast mutant by TaZIP3, -6, -7, -9 and -13 supported an ability to transport Zn. Group F TabZIPs contain the group-defining cysteine-histidine-rich motifs, which are the predicted binding site of Zn2+ in the Zn-deficiency response. Conservation of these motifs varied between the TabZIPs suggesting that individual TabZIPs may have specific roles in the wheat Zn-homeostatic network. Increased expression in response to low Zn levels was observed for several of the wheat ZIPs and bZIPs; this varied temporally and spatially suggesting specific functions in the response mechanism. The ability of the group F TabZIPs to bind to specific ZDREs in the promoters of TaZIPs indicates a conserved mechanism in monocots and dicots in responding to Zn deficiency. In support of this, TabZIPF1-7DL and TabZIPF4-7AL afforded a strong level of rescue to the Arabidopsis hypersensitive bzip19 bzip23 double mutant under Zn deficiency. These results provide a greater understanding of Zn-homeostatic mechanisms in wheat, demonstrating an expanded repertoire of group F bZIP transcription factors, adding to the complexity of Zn homeostasis.
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