Experimental evidence for negative turgor pressure in small leaf cells of Robinia pseudoacacia L versus large cells of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et WCCheng. 1. Evidence from pressure-volume curve analysis of dead tissue.

This paper provides a mini-review of evidence for negative turgor pressure in leaf cells starting with experimental evidence in the late 1950s and ending with biomechanical models published in 2014. In the present study, biomechanical models were used to predict how negative turgor pressure might be manifested in dead tissue, and experiments were conducted to test the predictions. The main findings were as follows: (i) Tissues killed by heating to 60 or 80 degrees C or by freezing in liquid nitrogen all became equally leaky to cell sap solutes and all seemed to pass freely through the cell walls. (ii) Once cell sap solutes could freely pass the cell walls, the shape of pressure-volume curves was dramatically altered between living and dead cells. (iii) Pressure-volume curves of dead tissue seem to measure negative turgor defined as negative when inside minus outside pressure is negative. (iv) Robinia pseudoacacia leaves with small palisade cells had more negative turgor than Metasequoia glyptostroboides with large cells. (v) The absolute difference in negative turgor between R. pseudoacacia and M. glyptostroboides approached as much as 1.0MPa in some cases. The differences in the manifestation of negative turgor in living versus dead tissue are discussed. It is well known that water in xylem conduits is normally under negative pressure, but the concept of negative pressure in living cells (negative turgor) has rarely been addressed experimentally except in the microscopy studies of J. Oertli on plasmolysis and cytorrhysis of living leaf cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm the biomechanical model results of Ding et al. (2014 New Phytologist) by studying negative turgor in dead tissue. This paper confirms theory, that is that the cell walls of small cells can sustain negative turgor that is -1MPa more negative than big cells.