Journal
PLANT AND SOIL
Volume 418, Issue 1-2, Pages 307-317Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3298-6
Keywords
Biochar; Bioash; Sequential phosphorus extraction; Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT); Wheat; Sewage sludge
Categories
Funding
- Grains Research and Development Corporation via a Grains Industry Research Scholarship [GRS10686]
- ARC [FT120100463]
- Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
- Plant Nutrition Trust
- University of Adelaide
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Dried sewage sludge (SS) and the by-products of four SS thermal conversion processes (pyrolysis, incineration and two types of gasification) were investigated for phosphorus (P) availability. A sequential extraction was used to determine the distribution of P among different P pools. After mixing materials with soil, availability of the P was determined with soil P extractions and in a growth experiment with wheat. Thermally converted SS contained a greater proportion of P within recalcitrant pools than dried SS. Despite having very different P pool distributions, the incinerated and dried SS provided similar amounts of P to plants. Plant P supply from dried and incinerated SS was lower than the comparable soluble P treatment (50 mg P kg(-1)), but higher than a soluble treatment at a lower rate (20 mg P kg(-1)). Plant P uptake in gasified and pyrolysed treatments was only marginally greater than uptake in a control (no P) treatment. Plant P uptake correlated most closely with diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) P analysis of soil-material mixes. Phosphorus availability in the dried and incinerated SS treatments increased over time. We propose that the dried and incinerated SS have potential as slow release P fertilisers in low pH soils.
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