Bioactivities of Origanum vulgare L.: an update

Origanum vulgare L. is a plant species belonging to the Lamiaceae and native to the Mediterranean region and western Eurasia. This aromatic herb is widely used throughout the world as spice and medicinal plant, representing a remedy in various traditional healing systems. In particular, oregano essential oil, rich in C10 monoterpenes, has been extensively used and, consequently, investigated. This narrative review aims to provide an updated overview on the biological activities of O. vulgare and its main bioactive phytochemicals, considering both preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and in human studies focused on anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.