Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 1190-1208Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07472c
Keywords
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [NSFC 11504309]
- Department General Research Fund (Dept. GRF) from ABCT in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU)
- Research Grant Council (RGC) in Hong Kong [PolyU 253026/16P]
- high performance supercomputer (ATOM-project) in Dept. of ABCT of PolyU
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We unraveled the mechanisms of transition metal-doped mechanoluminescent materials through a case study of CaZnOS. We found that the native point defect levels in Cu or Mn-doped CaZnOS system acted as energy relay centers for luminescence energy transfer. In combination with native point defect levels, discussed in a previous study [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 25946], we found that phosphor luminescence belongs to two different mechanisms. For Cu-doping, it occurs by the path via the conduction band minimum to the Cu-t(2g) level of the 3d orbital localized in the band gap. The hole-drifting effect was found to support the reported red-shifting of the emission. Both reversible and irreversible mechanical quenching were attributed to the spatially separated electrons recombining with the hole localized on the Cu-t(2g) level within the gap at levels below or above respectively. For Mn-doping, this occurs by a collaborative luminescence assisted by native point defects, and the excited states of Mn2+ overlap with the conduction band edge. The coexistence of Mn-Zn and Mn-Ca was confirmed, but was relatively low in Mn-Ca. The concentration quenching effect, as well as the red-shift of absorption, shows a strong correlation with native point defect levels and the relative position of the 4T(1)((4)G) state for both Mn-Zn and Mn-Ca. Further simplified approximations were used for modeling such concentration quenching effects.
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