Journal
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201700124
Keywords
annealing; cleaning; graphene; scanning transmission electron microscopy
Funding
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 28322-N36]
- European Research Council (ERC) [336453-PICOMAT]
- Finnish Foundations' Post Doc Pool
- Wiener Wissenschafts-, Forschungs- und Technologiefonds (WWTF) project [MA14-009]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P28322] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Surface impurities and contamination often seriously degrade the properties of two-dimensional materials such as graphene. To remove contamination, thermal annealing is commonly used. We present a comparative analysis of annealing treatments in air and in vacuum, both ex situ and pre situ, where an ultra-high vacuum treatment chamber is directly connected to an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. While ex situ treatments do remove contamination, it is challenging to obtain atomically clean surfaces after ambient transfer. However, pre situ cleaning with radiative or laser heating appears reliable and well suited to clean graphene without damage to most suspended areas.Pre situ annealing of typical dirty graphene samples yields atomically clean areas several hundred nm(2) in size.
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