4.6 Article

Evidence for a Minimum Ellipticity in Millisecond Pulsars

Journal

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
Volume 863, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad86a

Keywords

gravitational waves; pulsars: general; stars: magnetic field; stars: neutron

Funding

  1. Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington
  2. Department of Energy
  3. UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) [ST/N005422/1]
  4. Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowship [FT160100112]
  5. ARC Discovery Project [DP180103155]
  6. Polish National Science Centre [SONATA BIS 2015/18/E/ST9/00577]
  7. European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [702713]
  8. STFC through grant [ST/M000931/1]
  9. PHAROS
  10. COST Action [CA16214]
  11. STFC [ST/N005422/1, Gravitational Waves] Funding Source: UKRI
  12. Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [702713] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)

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Neutron stars spin down over time due to a number of energy-loss processes. We provide tantalizing population-based evidence that millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have a minimum ellipticity of epsilon approximate to 10(-9) around their spin axis and that, consequently, some spin down mostly through gravitational-wave emission. We discuss the implications of such a minimum ellipticity in terms of the internal magnetic field strengths and nuclear matter composition of neutron stars and show it would result in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors, or their upgrades, detecting gravitational waves from some known MSPs in the near future.

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