Effects of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) has been claimed to provide several health benefits. Pomegranate juice is a polyphenol-rich fruit juice with high antioxidant capacity. Several studies suggested that pomegranate juice can exert antiatherogenic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the potential cardioprotective benefits of pomegranate juice deserve further clinical investigation. To systematically review and meta-analyze available evidence from randomized placebo controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of pomegranate juice consumption and blood pressure (BP). A comprehensive literature search in Medline and Scopus was carried out to identify eligible RCTs. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using a random-effects model. Quality assessment, sensitivity analysisand publication bias evaluations were conducted using standard methods. Quantitative data synthesis from 8 RCTs showed significant reductions in both systolic [weighed mean difference (WMD): -4.96 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.67 to -2.25, p<0.001) and diastolic BP (WMD: -2.01 mmHg, 95% CI: -3.71 to -0.31, p = 0.021) after pomegranate juice consumption. Effects on SBP remained stable to sensitivity analyses. Pomegranate juice reduced SBP regardless of the duration (>12 wks: WMD = -4.36 mmHg, 95% CI: -7.89 to -0.82, p = 0.016) and <12 wks: WMD= 5.83 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.05 to -1.61, p = 0.007) and dose consumed (>240 cc: WMD= -3.62 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.62 to -0.63, p= 0.018) and <240 cc: WMD= -11.01 mmHg, 95% CI: -17.38 to -4.65, p = 0.001, pomegranate juice per day) whereas doses >240 cc provided a borderline significant effect in reducing DBP. The present meta-analysis suggests consistent benefits of pomegranate juice consumption on BP. This evidence suggests it may be prudent to include this fruit juice in a heart-healthy diet. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.