Journal
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 104, Issue -, Pages 180-188Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.03.075
Keywords
Hydrothermal liquefaction; Oil palm biomass; Bio-oil; Optimization; Life cycle assessment (LCA)
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Funding
- Yayasan Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS - Fundamental Research Grant (YUTP-FRG)
- Kumamoto University, Japan
- De La Salle University, Philippines
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This paper presents the studies on the effect of three process parameters; temperature, pressure and reaction time on the subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch, palm mesocarp fiber and palm kernel shell. The effect of temperature (330-390 degrees C), pressure (25-35 MPa) and reaction time (30-240 min) on bio-oil yields were investigated using a Inconel batch reactor. The optimum liquefaction condition for empty fruit bunch, palm mesocarp fiber and palm kernel shell was at supercritical condition of water; 390 degrees C and 25 MPa. For the effect of reaction time, bio-oil from empty fruit bunch and palm mesocarp fiber attained maximum yields at 120 min, whereas bio-oil yield from palm kernel shell continued to increase at reaction time of 240 min. Lastly, a life cycle assessment based on a conceptual biomass hydrothermal liquefaction process for bio-oil production was constructed and presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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