Journal
JOULE
Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 1894-1906Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2018.07.005
Keywords
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Funding
- U.S. DOEARPA-E award [DE-AR-0000348]
- U.S. DOE award [DE-AC05-76RL01830, 304500]
- Innovation Fund Denmark via the Grand Solutions project ORBATS'' [7046-00018B]
- Massachusetts Clean Energy Technology Center
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program
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We demonstrate a long-lifetime, aqueous redox-flow battery that can operate at a pH as low as 12 while maintaining an open-circuit voltage of over 1 V. We functionalized 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2,6-DHAQ) with highly alkali-soluble carboxylate terminal groups. The resulting negative electrolyte material 4,4'-((9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-diy1)dioxy)dibutyrate (2,6-DBEAQ) was six times more soluble than 2,6-DHAQ at pH 12. Symmetric cell cycling with 2,6-DBEAQ on both sides of the cell demonstrates a capacity fade rate of <0.01%/day and <0.001%/cycle. By pairing 2,6-DBEAQ with a potassium ferri-/ferrocyanide positive electrolyte and utilizing a non-fluorinated membrane, this near-neutral flow battery shows a capacity fade rate that is the lowest of any quinone and rivals the lowest ever reported for any flow battery in the absence of rebalancing processes. This result adds the important attribute of long calendar life to quinone-based redox-flow batteries, which may enable massive penetration of intermittent renewable electricity.
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