Profitability and environmental implications when growers transition to best management practices

Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been developed on the basis that they are perceived to be beneficial for production and the environment. However research that holistically examines the economic and environmental implications of BMP adoption using 'real-farm' case studies is limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the farm profitability and life cycle environmental implications of BMP adoption by six sugarcane growers in the Wet Tropics region of North Queensland. Economic, biophysical and farm management data before and after BMP adoption were supplied by participating growers and used in the Farm Economic Analysis Tool (FEAT) and Cane Life Cycle Assessment (CaneLCA) toot to determine the farm profitability and environmental implications of BMP changes. Despite variations between farms, the economic benefit or, more specifically, the annualised equivalent benefit, revealed a positive result for all farms ranging between AU$25 and AU$220 per hectare per year, suggesting that the changes toward BMP were economically beneficial for each farming business analysed. BMP adoption also resulted in reduced environmental impacts over the life cycle of sugarcane production, including reductions in potential water quality impacts from nutrients and pesticides, as well as energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Under some conditions, the degree of economic and environmental benefits were found to be sensitive to increases or reductions in cane yield, and the yield necessary to break-even in terms of annual (economic) benefit was quantified in each case study. Overall, the project findings indicate that BMP implementation in the Wet Tropics can be a win-win for both economic and environmental outcomes. Communication of these findings may give confidence to growers to encourage further adoption, and may promote the industry's efforts to the wider public. The methods employed in the project could be used for further analysis of BMPs in other regions.