Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 25, Issue 25, Pages 30885-30894Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.030885
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61675071, 61405062]
- Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou [201710010010]
- Innovation Project of Graduate School of South China Normal University
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program [201001D00104799318, 2011D039]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province [2014A030313445]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M600659, XJ2015018]
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology [2017B030301007]
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Optical Information
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province
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Optical super-resolution microscopy has become a powerful technique to help scientists to monitor the sample of interest at nanoscale. Fluorescence emission difference (FED) microscopy, a very facile super-resolution method, does not require high depleting laser intensity and is independent on the species of agents, which makes FED microscopy possess great potential. However, to date, the biomarkers applied in FED microscopy usually suffer from a photo-bleaching problem. In this work, by introducing Er3+ activated upconverting nanoparticles with red-color emission and non-photobleaching properties, we demonstrate nonbleaching super-resolution imaging with FED microscopy. The dopant neodymium ions (Nd3+) can work as highly efficient sensitizing ions and enable near infrared 808-nm CW laser excitation of relatively low power, which would potentially reduce high intensity/short-wavelength light induced tissue damage. Both simulations and experiments on monodispersed NaYF4:Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+@NaYF4:Nd3+ UCNPs also indicate that the easy saturation of the multiphoton properties of these UCNPs is beneficial to resolution enhancement in FED microscopy. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
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