Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 25, Issue 18, Pages 21826-21840Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.021826
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/L016753/1, EP/M01326X/1]
- European Union's Horizon Research and Innovation Programme [706410]
- European Research Council (TWISTS) [340507]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M01326X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J000361/1, Gravitational Waves, ST/N005422/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [706410] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
- EPSRC [EP/M01326X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/J000361/1, Gravitational Waves, ST/N005422/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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The quantised nature of the electromagnetic field sets the classical limit to the sensitivity of position measurements. However, techniques based on the properties of quantum states can be exploited to accurately measure the relative displacement of a physical object beyond this classical limit. In this work, we use a simple scheme based on the split-detection of quantum correlations to measure the position of a shadow at the single-photon light level, with a precision that exceeds the shot-noise limit. This result is obtained by analysing the correlated signals of bi-photon pairs, created in parametric downconversion and detected by an electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera employed as a split-detector. By comparing the measured statistics of spatially anticorrelated and uncorrelated photons we were able to observe a significant noise reduction corresponding to an improvement in position sensitivity of up to 17% (0.8dB). Our straightforward approach to sub-shot-noise position measurement is compatible with conventional shadow-sensing techniques based on the split-detection of light-fields, and yields an improvement that scales favourably with the detector's quantum efficiency.
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