Immobilization of Graphene Oxide on the Permeate Side of a Membrane Distillation Membrane to Enhance Flux

In this paper, a facile fabrication of enhanced direct contact membrane distillation membrane via immobilization of the hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) on the permeate side (GOIM-P) of a commercial polypropylene supported polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is presented. The permeate side hydrophilicity of the membrane was modified by immobilizing the GO to facilitate fast condensation and the withdrawal of the permeate water vapors. The water vapor flux was found to be as high as 64.5 kg/m(2)h at 80 degrees C, which is 15% higher than the unmodified membrane at a feed salt concentration of 10,000 ppm. The mass transfer coefficient was observed 6.2 x 10(-7) kg/m(2)sPa at 60 degrees C and 200 mL/min flow rate in the GOIM-P.