Circumnuclear Multiphase Gas in the Circinus Galaxy. II. The Molecular and Atomic Obscuring Structures Revealed with ALMA

We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to map the CO(3-2) and [C I](1-0) lines, as well as their underlying continuum emission, from the central similar to 200 pc region of the Circinus galaxy that hosts the nearest type 2 Seyfert-class active galactic nucleus (AGN), with a spatial resolution of similar to 6-15 pc. The lines and continuum-emitting regions consist of a circumnuclear disk (CND; 74 pc x 34 pc) and spiral arms. The distribution of the continuum emission revealed a temperature-dependent dust geometry and possibly polar dust elongation in the torus region. The molecular mass of the CND is M-H2 similar to 3 x 10 M-circle dot, with a beam-averaged H-2 column density of similar to 5 x 10(23) cm(-2) toward the AGN position, which contributes significantly to the nuclear obscuration. The [C I](1-0)/CO(3-2) ratio at the AGN position is unusually high, suggesting an X-ray-dominated region-type chemistry. We decomposed the observed velocity fields into rotational and dispersion components, and revealed a multiphase dynamic nature in the r less than or similar to 10 pc torus region, i.e., the diffuse atomic gas is more spatially extended along the vertical direction of the disk than the dense molecular gas. Through comparisons with our model predictions based on the radiation-driven fountain scheme, we indicate that atomic outflows are the driver of the geometrical thickness of the atomic disk. This supports the validity of the radiation-driven fountain scheme in the vicinity of this AGN, which would explain the longstanding mystery of the physical origin of the AGN torus.