The Use of Energy in Malaysia: Tracing Energy Flows from Primary Source to End Use

Malaysia is a rapidly developing country in Southeast Asia that aims to achieve high-income country status by 2020; its economic growth is highly dependent on its abundant energy resources, especially natural gas and crude oil. In this paper, a complete picture of Malaysia's energy use from primary source to end use is presented by mapping a Sankey diagram of Malaysia's energy flows, together with ongoing trends analysis of the main factors influencing the energy flows. The results indicate that Malaysia's energy use depends heavily on fossil fuels, including oil, gas and coal. In the past 30 years, Malaysia has successfully diversified its energy structure by introducing more natural gas and coal into its power generation. To sustainably feed the rapidly growing energy demand in end-use sectors with the challenge of global climate change, Malaysia must pay more attention to the development of renewable energy, green technology and energy conservation in the future.