Journal
NUTRITION REVIEWS
Volume 75, Issue 7, Pages 553-578Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux022
Keywords
dietary supplements; menaquinone-7; vitamin K-2; United States Pharmacopeial Convention; safety evaluation; MK-7; vitamin K
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- United States Pharmacopeial Convention
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Vitamin K plays important biological roles in maintaining normal blood coagulation, bone mineralization, soft tissue physiology, and neurological development. Menaquinone-7 is a form of vitamin K2 that occurs naturally in some animalderived and fermented foods. It is also available as an ingredient of dietary supplements. Menaquinone-7 has greater bioavailability than other forms of vitamin K, which has led to increasing sales and use of menaquinone-7 supplements. This special article reviews the chemistry, nomenclature, dietary sources, intake levels, and pharmacokinetics of menaquinones, along with the nonclinical toxicity data available and the data on clinical outcomes related to safety (adverse events). In conclusion, the data reviewed indicate that menaquinone-7, when ingested as a dietary supplement, is not associated with any serious risk to health or with other public health concerns. On the basis of this conclusion, US Pharmacopeia monographs have been developed to establish quality standards for menaquinone-7 as a dietary ingredient and as a dietary supplement in various dosage forms.
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