Journal
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0214-2
Keywords
Monacolins; LDL-cholesterol; Phytosterols; Red yeast Rice; Nutraceuticals; Clinical trial
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Funding
- University of Bologna [RFO 2015]
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Background: Phytosterols and red yeast rice are largely studied cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals, respectively inhibiting the bowel absorption and liver synthesis of cholesterol. Our aim was to test the effect on lipid profile of phytosterols, red yeast rice and their association. Methods: We performed a three parallel arms, double blind, clinical trial randomizing 90 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects to treatment with phytosterols 800 mg (group 1), red yeast rice standardized to contain 5 mg monacolins from Monascus purpureus (group 2), or both combined nutraceuticals (group 3). Results: After 8 weeks of treatment, in group 1 no significant variation of lipid parameters has been detected. In group 2 a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of LDL-Cholesterol (-20.5% vs. baseline) and Apolipoprotein B (-14.4% vs. baseline) as it occurred in group 3 (LDL-Cholesterol vs. baseline: -27.0%, Apolipoprotein B vs. baseline: -19.0%) (P < 0.001). LDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B changes were significantly different comparing group 2 with group 1 (P < 0.05), and group 3 with group 1 (P < 0.05). LDL-Cholesterol change was also significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The association of phytosterol and red yeast rice seems to have additive cholesterol lowering effect, reaching a clinically significant LDL-Cholesterol reduction in mildly hypercholesterolemic patients.
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