An effect of combination of resveratrol with vitamin D3 on modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy induces rat

Diabetic nephropathy is the one of the major complication of diabetes mellitus which is the main cause of renal failure. The treatment of diabetic nephropathy includes different nonpharmacological and pharmacological approach, but poor prognosis. Our study was designed to investigate the combined effect of resveratrol and vitamin D3 on the glucose homeostasis, histological changes, and cell damage biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidneys. Oral treatment with resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day), vitamin D3 (0.5 mu gm/kg), and the combination for 10 weeks showed an increase in the average body weights compared to the untreated diabetic rats. The combination showed a highly significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol levels compared to the untreated diabetic rats, there is a significant increase in serum HDL cholesterol levels. There is a highly significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, albumin levels compared to the untreated diabetic rats. However, the combination treatment provides superior efficacy than individual drug treatments. Histopathological examination of the kidney tissue section revealed that the diabetic rats treated with resveratrol, vitamin D3, and the combination showed noticeable improvement in the histopathological parameters compared to untreated diabetic rats. However, a marked reduction of TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression was observed in combination treated rats compared to individual drug treatments. Combination therapy was significantly more effective in treating diabetic nephropathy than resveratrol and vitamin D3 alone. Resveratrol and vitamin D3 has a protective role of diabetic kidneys.