Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 217, Issue 4, Pages 1610-1624Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.14923
Keywords
Arabidopsis thaliana; auxin; bolting; inflorescence; stem
Categories
Funding
- Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 746, INST 39/839,840,841]
- Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments [EXC 294]
- Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technik [(BMBF 0315329B, 0315690A, 0316185B]
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und Raumfahrt [DLR 50WB1022]
- Hungarian Research Fund [OTKA K101250, NN114511, NN111085]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31320103910, 31570291]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB942900]
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Auxin gradients are sustained by series of influx and efflux carriers whose subcellular localization is sensitive to both exogenous and endogenous factors. Recently the localization of the Arabidopsis thaliana auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) 6 was reported to be tissue-specific and regulated through unknown mechanisms. Here, we used genetic, molecular and pharmacological approaches to characterize the molecular mechanism(s) controlling the subcellular localization of PIN6. PIN6 localizes to endomembrane domains in tissues with low PIN6 expression levels such as roots, but localizes at the plasma membrane (PM) in tissues with increased PIN6 expression such as the inflorescence stem and nectary glands. We provide evidence that this dual localization is controlled by PIN6 phosphorylation and demonstrate that PIN6 is phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK4 and MPK6. The analysis of transgenic plants expressing PIN6 at PM or in endomembrane domains reveals that PIN6 subcellular localization is critical for Arabidopsis inflorescence stem elongation post-flowering (bolting). In line with a role for PIN6 in plant bolting, inflorescence stems elongate faster in pin6 mutant plants than in wild-type plants. We propose that PIN6 subcellular localization is under the control of developmental signals acting on tissue-specific determinants controlling PIN6-expression levels and PIN6 phosphorylation.
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