Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 214, Issue 3, Pages 967-972Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.14536
Keywords
alternative electron transport; dark-to-light transition; evolution of green plants; flavodiiron proteins; O-2 photo-reduction; photosystem I; redox changes of P700
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Funding
- National Program of Sustainability I from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic [LO1204]
- Marie Curie Career Integration Grant call FP7-PEOPLE-CIG [322139]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H06555] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Photo-reduction of O-2 to water mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) represents a safety valve for the photosynthetic electron transport chain in fluctuating light. So far, the FDP-mediated O-2 photo-reduction has been evidenced only in cyanobacteria and the moss Physcomitrella; however, a recent phylogenetic analysis of transcriptomes of photosynthetic organisms has also revealed the presence of FDP genes in several nonflowering plant groups. What remains to be clarified is whether the FDP-dependent O-2 photo-reduction is actually operational in these organisms. We have established a simple method for the monitoring of FDP-mediated O-2 photoreduction, based on the measurement of redox kinetics of P700 (the electron donor of photosystem I) upon dark-to-light transition. The O-2 photo-reduction is manifested as a fast re-oxidation of P700. The validity of the method was verified by experiments with transgenic organisms, namely FDP knock-out mutants of Synechocystis and Physcomitrella and transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing FDPs from Physcomitrella. We observed the fast P700 re-oxidation in representatives of all green plant groups excluding angiosperms. Our results provide strong evidence that the FDP-mediated O-2 photo-reduction is functional in all nonflowering green plant groups. This finding suggests a major change in the strategy of photosynthetic regulation during the evolution of angiosperms.
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