Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 218, Issue 3, Pages 929-935Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.14619
Keywords
arginylation; cysteine oxidation; N-degron; N-end rule pathway; N-recognins; N-terminomics; proteases; ubiquitin-proteasome system
Categories
Funding
- Science Foundation Ireland [13/IA/1870]
- Virtual Irish Centre for Crop Improvement (VICCI
- Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine) [14/S/819]
- ScienceCampus Halle - Plant-based Bioeconomy
- Research Focus Program 'Molecular biosciences as a motor for a knowledge-based economy' from the European Regional Development Fund [LSP-TP2-1]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [DI 1794/3-1]
- DFG Graduate Training Center [GRK1026]
- French Laboratory of Excellence project 'TULIP' [ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02]
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [13/IA/1870] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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The N-end rule relates the stability of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue and some of its modifications. Since its discovery in the 1980s, the repertoire of N-terminal degradation signals has expanded, leading to a diversity of N-end rule pathways. Although some of these newly discovered N-end rule pathways remain largely unexplored in plants, recent discoveries have highlighted roles of N-end rule-mediated protein degradation in plant defense against pathogens and in cell proliferation during organ growth. Despite this progress, a bottleneck remains the proteome-wide identification of N-end rule substrates due to the prerequisite for endoproteolytic cleavage and technical limitations. Here, we discuss the recent diversification of N-end rule pathways and their newly discovered functions in plant defenses, stressing the role of proteases. We expect that novel proteomics techniques (N-terminomics) will be essential for substrate identification. We review these methods, their limitations and future developments.
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