Journal
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
Volume 19, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aa8110
Keywords
Onsager's reciprocity relation; transport; fluctuation theorem; work; heat and particle exchange; finite quantum systems
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIP) [NRF-2017R1A2B4007608]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA1517/35-1, DE1889/1-1]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MOE) [NRF-2017R1D1A1B03029903]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIP) [NRF-2017R1A2B4007608]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [HA1517/35-1, DE1889/1-1]
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MOE) [NRF-2017R1D1A1B03029903]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A2B4007608] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Close to equilibrium, the exchange of particles and heat between macroscopic systems at different temperatures and different chemical potentials is known to be governed by a matrix of transport coefficients which are positive and symmetric. We investigate the amounts of heat and particles that are exchanged between two small quantum systems within a given time, and find them characterized by a transport matrix which neither needs to be symmetric nor positive. At larger times even spontaneous transport can be observed in the total absence of temperature and chemical potential differences provided that the two systems are different in size. All these deviations from standard transport behavior can be attributed to the fact that work is done on the system in the processes contacting and separating those parts of the system that initially possess different temperatures and chemical potentials. The standard transport properties are recovered for vanishing work and also in the limit of large systems and sufficiently large contact times. The general results are illustrated by an example.
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