Electrochemistry and perovskite photovoltaics

Electrochemical inputs for fabrication and characterization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are reviewed. Attention is paid to electronic band alignment at interfaces, particularly near the negative terminal. Problems associated with perovskite instability in electrochemical environment and possible solutions are discussed. Electrochemical methods are useful for fabrication of various PSCs' components, such as the electron-extracting electrode, the hole-transporting medium and even the perovskite itself. Electrochemical investigations of full PSC devices and their integration with various other electrochemical appliances for energy conversion/storage present other significant challenges in this field.