Journal
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
Volume 76, Issue -, Pages 56-66Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.033
Keywords
Stress; Fear; PTSD; COX-2; CB1 receptor; Cannabis; Dopamine; Glucocorticoid; Cortisol; Amygdala; Hippocampus; Prefrontal cortex
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Funding
- NIH [MH10743, MH100096, DA022340]
- Brain and Behavior Foundation
- Tier II Canada Research Chair from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- CIHR
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
- NIAAA Intramural Research Program
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The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has attracted attention for its role in various behavioral and brain functions, and as a therapeutic target in neuropsychiatric disease states, including anxiety disorders and other conditions resulting from dysfunctional responses to stress. In this mini-review, we highlight components of the eCB system that offer potential 'druggable' targets for new anxiolytic medications, emphasizing some of the less well-discussed options. We discuss how selectively amplifying eCBs recruitment by interfering with eCB-degradation, via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), has been linked to reductions in anxiety-like behaviors in rodents and variation in human anxiety symptoms. We also discuss a non-canonical route to regulate eCB degradation that involves interfering with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Next, we discuss approaches to targeting eCB receptor-signaling in ways that do not involve the cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1R); by targeting the CB2R subtype and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). Finally, we review evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), while representing a less specific pharmacological approach, may be another way to modulate eCBs and interacting neurotransmitter systems to alleviate anxiety. Taken together, these various approaches provide a range of plausible paths to developing novel compounds that could prove useful for treating trauma-related and anxiety disorders. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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