Journal
ICMI'18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION
Volume -, Issue -, Pages 234-238Publisher
ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
DOI: 10.1145/3242969.3243015
Keywords
Perception; Olfaction; Smell; Odour Stimulation; Multimodal Interfaces; Notification Systems; In-Car User Interfaces
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [638605, 737576]
- European Research Council (ERC) [737576] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Cars provide drivers with task-related information (e.g. Fill gas) mainly using visual and auditory stimuli. However, those stimuli may distract or overwhelm the driver, causing unnecessary stress. Here, we propose olfactory stimulation as a novel feedback modality to support the perception of visual notifications, reducing the visual demand of the driver. Based on previous research, we explore the application of the scents of lavender, peppermint, and lemon to convey three driving-relevant messages (i.e. Slow down, Short inter-vehicle distance, Lane departure). Our paper is the first to demonstrate the application of olfactory conditioning in the context of driving and to explore how multiple olfactory notifications change the driving behaviour. Our findings demonstrate that olfactory notifications are perceived as less distracting, more comfortable, and more helpful than visual notifications. Drivers also make less driving mistakes when exposed to olfactory notifications. We discuss how these findings inform the design of future in-car user interfaces.
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