Enhanced Adaptive Geographic Opportunistic Routing with Interference Avoidance Assisted with Mobile Sinks for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Acoustic communication in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is limited due to distinctive attributes including communication channel high latency, multi-path fading and exponential degrading on signal due to dynamic noise characteristics. Inappropriate selection of forwarder node leads to dramatic death due to inefficient, unbalanced energy depletion that results in creation of void hole for neighboring nodes. In most of scenarios, forwarder nodes are over penalized by selecting same node all the time. Enhanced adaptive mechanism is proposed to cater over penalization of forwarder node by adaptively lowering the priority of node gradually along with residual energy. Proposed routing protocols are based on geo-opportunistic routing paradigm based on interference avoidance which is assisted by mobile sinks. More specific and unified routing decisions are formed by dividing the whole network field into cubes. Forwarder nodes are elected on geographic location of neighboring cubes depending on packet delivery probability. Void node recovery mechanism is also proposed and evaluated by deploying mobile sink to directly gather data from void nodes. Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed work. Simulations prove that proposed work significantly increases packet delivery and decrease fraction of void nodes.