Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 1, Issue 7, Pages 3084-3092Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.7b00156
Keywords
organic redox-active material; quinone; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray photoemission spectroscopy; DFT calculation; energy diagram
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [15K17463, 15K14153]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [26107503]
- Research Program for the CORE laboratory of Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovation Bridging Human, Environment and Materials in Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices
- Institute of Materials Structure Science in Photon Factory, KEK [2014G616, 2016G108, 2016G656]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15K14153, 15K17463, 26107503] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The molecular design of organic energy-storage devices relies on correlations between the electrochemical properties of organic materials and their molecular structures. Here we report a systematic study of the fundamental electronic states of the quinone family of redox-active materials. Poly(ethylene oxide) coatings, as elution inhibitors, facilitated the evaluation of the electrochemical properties of single quinone molecules. Moreover, we confirmed experimentally how LUMO energies and their corresponding redox potentials depend on molecular structure, including the number of aromatic rings, the positions of functional groups, and coordination structures; this was achieved by elemental and chemical-state selective X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. We introduce an energy diagram depicting a segmentalized reduction process; this diagram considers the intermediate states during redox reactions to discuss processes that dominate changes in electrochemical properties as molecular structures are altered. Our results and analysis strategy are widely applicable to the material design of future organic molecular-based devices.
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