Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its association with offspring renal function at 30 years: Observation from a birth cohort study

Aim Prenatal exposure to alcohol has adverse ramifications on foetal development resulting in developmental abnormalities and major congenital anomalies. Experimental studies have documented effects on kidney structure and function among offspring exposed to alcohol during foetal life; however, human evidence is scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the development of CKD among a cohort of 30-year-old Australian offspring whose mothers reported consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Methods The study sample comprised 1626 offspring of the Australia cohort study (MUSP) whose serum creatinine was assessed at 30 years of age and CKD was categorized from stage 1 to stage 5 based on their level of eGFR following the CKD-EPI definition. Results Seven percent (n = 111) of offspring had mild (stage 2) CKD at 30 years. The overall adjusted odds of CKD were 2.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.33) for offspring of moderate to heavy drinking mothers in late pregnancy, 1.59 (0.69 to 3.66) for early pregnancy and 1.23 (0.75 to 2.04) for pre-pregnancy. The association was higher for female offspring-2.84 (1.07 to 7.54) for late pregnancy and 2.94 (1.10 to 7.88) for early pregnancy. Higher but insignificant odds were found for male offspring at late pregnancy 1.51 (0.49 to 4.73) only. Conclusion Maternal alcohol exposure during early and late pregnancy is associated with development of mild CKD in their offspring at 30 years. This association is stronger for female than male offspring.