Journal
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 18, Issue 7, Pages 389-403Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.56
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NS-29436]
- NSF [IOS-1153417]
- NIH [NS17813]
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Colocalization of small-molecule and neuropeptide transmitters is common throughout the nervous system of all animals. The resulting co-transmission, which provides conjoint ionotropic ('classical') and metabotropic ('modulatory') actions, includes neuropeptide-specific aspects that are qualitatively different from those that result from metabotropic actions of small-molecule transmitter release. Here, we focus on the flexibility afforded to microcircuits by such co-transmission, using examples from various nervous systems. Insights from such studies indicate that co-transmission mediated even by a single neuron can configure microcircuit activity via an array of contributing mechanisms, operating on multiple timescales, to enhance both behavioural flexibility and robustness.
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