Journal
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages 742-754Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.139
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Funding
- German Research Foundation [SFB-TR128-B7, Ku1477/6-1]
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, Munster (IZKF) [KuT3/012/15]
- Edmond J. Safra Foundation
- Imperial College National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre
- NIHR Senior Investigator Programme
- UK Dementia Research Institute
- UK Medical Research Council
- Engineering and Physics Science Research Council
- Niedersachsen Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT) of the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony
- Biogen
- MRC [MC_PC_17114, UKDRI-5003] Funding Source: UKRI
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Remyelination in the CNS is the natural process of damage repair in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, remyelination becomes inadequate in many people with MS, which results in axonal degeneration and clinical disability. Enhancement of remyelination is a logical therapeutic goal; nevertheless, all currently licensed therapies for MS are immunomodulatory and do not support remyelination directly. Several molecular pathways have been identified as potential therapeutic targets to induce remyelination, and some of these have now been assessed in proof-of-concept clinical trials. However, trial design faces several obstacles: optimal clinical or paraclinical outcome measures to assess remyelination remain ill-defined, and identification of the ideal timing of therapy is also a crucial issue. In addition, realistic expectations are needed concerning the probable benefits of such therapies. Nevertheless, approaches that enhance remyelination are likely to be protective for axons and so could prevent long-term neurodegeneration. Future MS treatment paradigms, therefore, are likely to comprise a combinatorial approach that involves both immunomodulatory and regenerative treatments.
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