Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 422-434Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.28
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Funding
- Edward Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's New Innovator Award
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH [DP2DK098089, R01GM099538, R01AI123394]
- National Institute of Child Health and Development training grant [T32 HD049305]
- NIGMS training grant [T32 GM007067]
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Antibiotic resistance is a natural feature of diverse microbial ecosystems. Although recent studies of the antibiotic resistome have highlighted barriers to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between habitats, the rapid global spread of genes that confer resistance to carbapenem, colistin and quinolone antibiotics illustrates the dire clinical and societal consequences of such events. Over time, the study of antibiotic resistance has grown from focusing on single pathogenic organisms in axenic culture to studying antibiotic resistance in pathogenic, commensal and environmental bacteria at the level of microbial communities. As the study of antibiotic resistance advances, it is important to incorporate this comprehensive approach to better inform global antibiotic resistance surveillance and antibiotic development. It is increasingly becoming apparent that although not all resistance genes are likely to geographically and phylogenetically disseminate, the threat presented by those that are is serious and warrants an interdisciplinary research focus. In this Review, we highlight seminal work in the resistome field, discuss recent advances in the studies of resistomes, and propose a resistome paradigm that can pave the way for the improved proactive identification and mitigation of emerging antibiotic resistance threats.
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