Journal
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 169-182Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184
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Funding
- intramural funds of the US Department of Health and Human Services
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM10407]
- Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00988]
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech)
- NIH through the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [5DP1-MH100706, 1R01-MH110049]
- US National Science Foundation (NSF)
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- Allen Distinguished Investigator Program
- Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group
- Simons Foundation
- Vallee Foundation
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Skoltech-MIT Next Generation Program
- Poitras Center for Affective Disorders
- Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00988] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR-Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR-Cas.
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