Journal
NATURE PHYSICS
Volume 13, Issue 6, Pages 535-539Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4111
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Funding
- Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundaca o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Ministry of Science AMP
- Technology of China (MSTC)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
- Ministry of Education of China (MOEC)
- Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia
- Unity through Knowledge Fund, Croatia
- Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic
- Danish Natural Science Research Council
- Carlsberg Foundation
- Danish National Research Foundation
- European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
- Helsinki Institute of Physics
- Academy of Finland
- French CNRS-IN2P3
- 'Region Pays de Loire'
- 'Region Alsace'
- 'Region Auvergne'
- CEA, France
- German Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF)
- Helmholtz Association
- General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, Greece
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH), Hungary
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi
- Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche 'Enrico Fermi', Italy
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI
- MEXT, Japan
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Consejo Nacional de Cienca y Tecnologia (CONACYT)
- Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico(DGAPA), Mexico
- Amerique Latine Formation academique - European Commission (ALFA-EC)
- EPLANET Program (European Particle Physics Latin American Network)
- Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands
- Research Council of Norway (NFR)
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
- National Science Centre, Poland
- Ministry of National Education/Institute for Atomic Physics
- National Council of Scientific Research in Higher Education (CNCSI-UEFISCDI), Romania
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
- Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy
- Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
- Ministry of Education of Slovakia
- Department of Science and Technology, South Africa
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT)
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain
- Xunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion)
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnolgicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergia, Cuba
- IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- Knut AMP
- Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW)
- National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA)
- Suranaree University of Technology (SUT)
- Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand
- Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science
- United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- United States Department of Energy
- United States National Science Foundation
- State of Texas
- State of Ohio
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H01122, 26220707] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [1613118, 1305280] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1307461, 1407051] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [GRIDPP, ST/M001601/1, 2014 STFC Nuclear Physics CG, ST/P004598/1, ST/L005751/1, 1657698, ST/J000108/1, ST/M00158X/1, ST/L005670/1, ST/M00340X/1, ST/N00261X/1, ALICE, ST/M001598/1, ST/P005438/1, 1523365] Funding Source: researchfish
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At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)(1). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed(2-6). Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions(7), is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions(8,9), but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results(10,11), indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.
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