Journal
NATURE CHEMISTRY
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 537-545Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2713
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Funding
- DARPA [N66001-14-2-4055]
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies through US Army Research Office and the Garland Initiative [W911NF-09-0001, W911QY-15-C-0026]
- UCSB Biological Nanostructures Laboratory
- NIH [S10OD010610-01A1]
- European Union
- NSF
- Duncan and Mellichamp Chair
- Cluster in Systems Biology and Bioengineering
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The capability to graft synthetic polymers onto the surfaces of live cells offers the potential to manipulate and control their phenotype and underlying cellular processes. Conventional grafting-to strategies for conjugating preformed polymers to cell surfaces are limited by low polymer grafting efficiency. Here we report an alternative grafting-from strategy for directly engineering the surfaces of live yeast and mammalian cells through cell surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. By developing cytocompatible PET-RAFT (photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization), synthetic polymers with narrow polydispersity (M-w/M-n < 1.3) could be obtained at room temperature in 5 minutes. This polymerization strategy enables chain growth to be initiated directly from chain-transfer agents anchored on the surface of live cells using either covalent attachment or non-covalent insertion, while maintaining high cell viability. Compared with conventional grafting-to approaches, these methods significantly improve the efficiency of grafting polymer chains and enable the active manipulation of cellular phenotypes.
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