Journal
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 494-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEMBIO.2307
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Funding
- NIH/NCI [K08 CA201483-01A1]
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society [3356-16]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund [1015584]
- Conquer Cancer Foundation of ASCO
- Susan and Peter Solomon Divisional Genomics Program
- Steven A. Greenberg Fund
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Specialized Center of Research Program [7011-16]
- Starr Cancer Consortium [I6-A616]
- NIH [R01 CA168802-02, R01 CA177828-02, K99 CA191021-01A1]
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [NIH P30 CA008748]
- National Science Foundation [MCB 1022208]
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [8G12MD007603-29]
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1022208] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be produced as either a D-R- or L-S- enantiomer, each of which inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha KG)-dependent enzymes involved in diverse biologic processes. Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) produce D-2HG, which causes a pathologic blockade in cell differentiation. On the other hand, oxygen limitation leads to accumulation of L-2HG, which can facilitate physiologic adaptation to hypoxic stress in both normal and malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyze stereospecific production of L-2HG via 'promiscuous' reduction of the alternative substrate alpha KG. Acidic pH enhances production of L-2HG by promoting a protonated form of alpha KG that binds to a key residue in the substrate-binding pocket of LDHA. Acid-enhanced production of L-2HG leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in normoxia. These findings offer insights into mechanisms whereby microenvironmental factors influence production of metabolites that alter cell fate and function.
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