Journal
NATURE
Volume 546, Issue 7658, Pages 411-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nature22402
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Funding
- Marc and Lynne Benioff
- NIH NIAID [U19AI110818, 1R01AI099210, AI100190, HHSN272201400048C]
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Harvard University Burke Global Health Fellowship
- Broad Institute BroadNext10 program
- AWS Cloud Credits for Research
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [440909/2016-3]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [E 26/201.320/2016, E 26/201.332/2016, E 26/010.000194/2015]
- MIDAS National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U54GM111274]
- AEDES Network
- Colombian Science, Technology and Innovation Fund of Sistema General de Regalias-BPIN [2013000100011]
- ASTMH Shope Fellowship
- NSF DGE [1144152]
- PNPD/CAPES Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Fulbright Colciencias Doctoral Scholarship
- NIH [5T32AI007244 33]
- EU [278433 PREDEMICS, 643476 COMPARE]
- NIH NCATS CTSA [UL1TR001114]
- Ray Thomas Foundation
- Pew Biomedical Scholarship
- Division Of Graduate Education
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1144152] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention(1,2), much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.
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