Journal
NATURE
Volume 550, Issue 7674, Pages 92-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nature23877
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11574199, 11674219]
- Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [17ZR1414800]
- European Research Council (ERC)
- Mesolight Advanced Research Grant (ARF)
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Recent advances in the use of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for optoelectronics have been rapid, with reported power conversion efficiencies of up to 22 per cent for perovskite solar cells1-9. Improvements in stability have also enabled testing over a timescale of thousands of hours(10-14). However, large-scale deployment of such cells will also require the ability to produce large-area, uniformly high-quality perovskite films. A key challenge is to overcome the substantial reduction in power conversion efficiency when a small device is scaled up: a reduction from over 20 per cent to about 10 per cent is found(15-21) when a common aperture area of about 0.1 square centimetres is increased to more than 25 square centimetres. Here we report a new deposition route for methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite films that does not rely on use of a common solvent(1,2,4-15) or vacuum3: rather, it relies on the rapid conversion of amine complex precursors to perovskite films, followed by a pressure application step. The deposited perovskite films were free of pin-holes and highly uniform. Importantly, the new deposition approach can be performed in air at low temperatures, facilitating fabrication of large-area perovskite devices. We reached a certified power conversion efficiency of 12.1 per cent with an aperture area of 36.1 square centimetres for a mesoporous TiO2-based perovskite solar module architecture.
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