Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 9, Issue 26, Pages 9148-9159Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02180a
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51473033]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [16JC1400700]
- Program of Young Eastern Scholar from Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning [QD2015038]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program
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Conventional wide bandgap semiconductors can absorb UV/visible light but have no photoabsorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region, leading to difficulty in their use as NIR-responsive agents. With TiO2 as an example, we report the tuning from UV-responsive TiO2 nanocrystals to blue TiO2 nanocrystals with newly appeared NIR absorption band through the Nb-doping strategy. A strong NIR band should result from the localized surface plasmon resonances due to the considerable free electrons originating from the efficient incorporation of Nb5+ ions (<15.5%). Interestingly, under the irradiation of a 1064 nm laser, Nb-doped TiO2 nanocrystals can convert laser energy into heat, and higher Nb-doping content can lead to higher NIR-induced temperature elevation, highlighting that the photothermal performances of TiO2 nanocrystals can be dynamically modulated by adjusting the Nb-doping levels. After coating with PEGylated phospholipid, the resulting nanocrystals display water dispersibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency and cytocompatibility. Therefore, these Nb-doped TiO2 nanocrystals can be used as efficient and heavy-metal-free nanoagents for the simultaneous NIR/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors using a 1064 nm laser in the second biological window.
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