Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 9, Issue 34, Pages 12746-12754Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04241h
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Funding
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [17540712000, 15520711400]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81761148028, 81401458]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology [PEst-OE/QUI/UI0674/2013]
- Madeira Chemistry Center - CQM+ [M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005, Madeira 14-20]
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We report the facile synthesis of polyaniline (PANI)-loaded gamma-polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA) nanogels (NGs) for photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. In this work, gamma-PGA NGs were first formed via a double emulsion approach, followed by crosslinking with cystamine dihydrochloride (Cys) via 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride coupling chemistry. The formed gamma-PGA/Cys NGs were employed as a nanoreactor to load aniline monomers via an electrostatic interaction for subsequent in situ polymerization in the presence of ammonium persulfate. The resulting gamma-PGA/Cys@PANI NGs were thoroughly characterized. It is shown that the gamma-PGA/Cys@PANI NGs with an average size of 71.9 nm are dispersible in water, colloidally stable, and cytocompatible and hemocompatible in the concentration range studied. The strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance renders the NGs with good PA imaging contrast enhancement and photothermal conversion properties. With these excellent properties and biocompatibility, the developed gamma-PGA/Cys@PANI NGs are able to be used for PA imaging-guided PTT of cancer cells in vitro and a xenografted tumor model in vivo. This unique theranostic nanoplatform may be further loaded with other imaging or therapeutic elements, or modified with targeting ligands, thereby providing a ubiquitous platform for multimode imaging and combinational therapy of different biosystems.
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